四川地形扰动对降水分布影响          下载免费PDF全文

王成鑫  高守亭  冉令坤  陈悦丽 《应用气象学报》2019,30(5):586-597

引入一维加权平均的谱分析方法定量研究四川地形强迫对该区域降水分布的影响。结果表明:纬向地形和冬季降水谱峰锁相于同一波长（475.8 km）,呈共振关系,地形与其他季节降水呈漂移关系,这与经向和纬向上环流变动有关,即冬季纬向环流占主导,纬向地形触发的大气波动对冬季降水策动作用大;夏季降水是各种不同尺度系统相互作用的结果,地形是重要因素之一。经向和纬向地形特征尺度分别为296.8 km和475.8 km,反映了地形强迫的中尺度特征,且纬向地形谱峰比经向大1个数量级,纬向强迫更明显。夏季降水谱峰比冬季大2个数量级,降水系统纬向特征尺度比冬季小约150 km,说明夏季在纬向地形强迫下,降水系统尺度减小的同时其强度大大增加,这在一定程度上可以解释中尺度对流性降水在夏季偏多。四川夏季最大降水位于雅安地区,其地形扰动比四川整体扰动更明显,故产生的降水也更大。夏季降水和经向地形锁相于同一波长（37.1 km）,经向地形对雅安夏季强降水起关键作用。  相似文献   

微动法在划分岩溶塌陷隐患区域中的应用     

梁东辉  徐虎  谭磊  刘福达  江树海 《地质论评》2023,69(Z1):481-482

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High-precision analysis of carbon isotopic composition for individual CO2 inclusions via Raman spectroscopy to reveal the multiple-stages evolution of CO2- bearing fluids and melts     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(3):101528

The carbon isotopic composition of CO₂ inclusions trapped in minerals reflects the origin and evolution of CO₂-bearing fluids and melts, and records the multiple-stages carbon geodynamic cycle, as CO₂ took part in various geological processes widely. However, the practical method for determination isotope composition of individual CO₂ inclusion is still lacking. Developing a microanalytical technique with spatial resolution in micrometers to precisely determinate the δ¹³C value of individual CO₂ inclusion, will make it possible to analyze a tiny portion of a zoning mineral crystal, distinguish the differences in micro-scale, and possible to find many useful information that could not be obtained with the bulk extraction and analysis techniques. In this study, we systematically collected Raman spectra of CO₂ standards with different δ¹³C values (?34.9 ‰ to 3.58 ‰) at 32.0 °C and from ～7.0 MPa to 120.0 MPa, and developed a new procedure to precisely determinate the δ¹³C value of individual CO₂ inclusion. We investigated the relationship among the Raman peak intensity ratio, δ¹³C value, and CO₂ density, and established a calibration model with high accuracy (0.5 ‰?1.5 ‰), sufficient for geological application to distinguish different source of CO₂ with varying δ¹³CO₂. As a demonstration, we measured the δ¹³C values and the density of CO₂ inclusions in the growth zones of alkali basalt-hosted corundum megacrysts from Changle, Shandong Province. We found the significant differences of density and δ¹³C between the CO₂ inclusions in the core of corundum and those inclusions in the outer growth zones, the δ¹³C value decreases from core to rim with decreasing density: δ¹³C values are from ?7.5 ‰ to ?9.2 ‰ for the inclusions in the core, indicating the corundum core was crystallized from mantle-derived magmas; from ?13.5 ‰ to ?18.5 ‰ for CO₂ inclusions in zone 1 and from ?16.5 ‰ to –22.0 ‰ for inclusions in zone 2, indicating the outer zones of corundum grew in a low δ¹³C value environment, resulted from an infilling of low δ¹³C value fluid and/or degassing of the ascending basaltic magma.  相似文献   

高分辨率遥感图像道路分割算法     

苏腾飞  李洪玉  屈忠义 《国土资源遥感》2015,(3)

为了提高从高分辨率遥感图像(high-resolution remote sensing image,HRI)中提取道路信息的自动化程度和准确性,发展了一种HRI道路分割算法,主要包括光谱合并、边界合并和基于形状特征的道路区域提取等3个步骤。其中,前2个步骤是基于区域生长的图像分割算法。光谱合并综合考虑了区域的均值、方差等统计特征量,以提高分割精度;边界合并采用了基于矢量梯度的边界计算方法,以准确提取多光谱HRI中的边界强度;结合全局最优合并算法实现光谱和边界合并,以得到最优化的分割结果。在道路区域被完整分割出来的基础上,利用形状特征提取道路,采用圆形度特征区分道路和非道路。利用2景Orb View3多光谱图像进行道路提取实验的结果表明,该方法的道路提取结果总精度和Kappa系数分别在97%和0.8以上,明显优于SVM监督分类方法。  相似文献   

融合光谱-空间信息的高光谱遥感影像增量分类算法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王俊淑  江南  张国明  李杨  吕恒 《测绘学报》2015,44(9):1003-1013

提出了一种融合光谱和空间结构信息的高光谱遥感影像增量分类算法INC_SPEC_MPext。通过主成分分析(PCA)提取高光谱影像的若干主成分,利用数学形态学提取各主分量影像对应的形态学剖面(MP),再将所有主分量影像的形态学剖面归并联结,组成扩展的形态学剖面(MPext)。将MPext与光谱信息相结合以增加知识,最大限度地挖掘未标记样本的有用信息,优化分类器的学习能力。不断从分类器对未标记样本的预测结果中甄选置信度高的样本加入训练集,并迭代地利用扩大的训练集进行分类器构建和样本预测。以不同地表覆盖类型的AVIRIS Indian Pines和Hyperion EO-1Botswana作为测试数据,分别与基于光谱、MPext、光谱和MPext融合的分类方法进行比对。试验结果表明,在训练样本数量有限情况下,INC_SPEC_MPext算法在降低分类成本的同时,分类精度和Kappa系数都有不同程度的提高。  相似文献   

Detection of dryland degradation using Landsat spectral unmixing remote sensing with syndrome concept in Minqin County,China     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

This study was to detect dryland degradation coupling linear spectral unmixing model of Landsat images with syndrome concept in temperate dryland system, Minqin, China. The phenological contrast and complementation between green vegetation fraction in summer, sandland fraction and saline land fraction in spring, was firstly structured to quantify degradation characteristics by simple correlation analysis with ground data. The spatiotemporal patterns of the three degradation indicators were interpreted with the help “dust bowl” syndrome, qualitatively deciphered the degradation causal clusters, loops and important consequences in the study area. The results indicate water-using and distribution pattern was changed, agricultural intensity and productivity increased, salinization lessened in oasis, whereas sandification risk heightened. This approach developed in this study, has the potentially broad applicability, for dryland system monitoring and modelling.  相似文献   

一种适用于粗匹配的遥感影像快速变化发现方法     

陈世荣  申佩佩  包颖 《测绘通报》2021,(1):90-93,98

针对遥感影像变化检测过程中影像间相对配准精度对检测结果影响大,易产生细碎图斑和错检冗余等问题,本文提出了一种基于感知哈希算法适用于粗匹配的遥感影像变化发现方法,以待检测影像的光谱信息和纹理特征信息共同作为检测特征集,以分割后的格网作为检测单元,采用基于感知哈希算法的影像相似度比对方法,计算格网内图像相似度,提取变化位置。试验结果表明,采用该方法可有效减少变化发现对影像间相对配准精度的依赖性,在本文试验中,相对配准精度在15像元以内均可保证95%以上的提取准确率和5%以下的漏检率,对配准精度具有良好的稳健性。  相似文献   

南海北部台风海浪谱的双峰性和成长性     

莫冬雪  刘亚豪  侯一筠  刘泽 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(11):70-80

本论文通过对南海北部三次台风过境期间基于浮标观测的海浪谱进行分析，发现虽然大部分成熟的台风海浪谱为单峰结构，但实际上在台风海浪的成长和衰减阶段，双峰谱占据了很大的比例。双峰谱的形成主要是由于风浪和涌浪的叠加以及不同波分量之间的非线性相互作用，我们可以通过能量密度的成长率对谱型变化进行高效的预报。此外，台风海浪的主要波向依赖于台风中心相对观测点的位置，而波向的分散情况在相距台风中心较远的区域无明显规律。本文提出了一个新的六参数波浪谱型拟合双峰谱，其拟合效果相较于前人的谱型更好。通过验证，形状参数和谱宽度之间的理论关系依然适用于单个谱峰。通过分析谱参量的变化特征，证明了谱参量不仅与台风强度和台风路径相关，还存在很强的交互相关。最后通过拟合海浪谱数据，本文得到了台风影响下海浪有效波高和有效周期之间的成长关系，这对海洋工程实际应用具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Spectral analysis of continuous redox data reveals geochemical dynamics near the stream–aquifer interface     

Corey D. Wallace  Audrey H. Sawyer  Rebecca T. Barnes 《水文研究》2019,33(3):405-413

Changes in streamflow and water table elevation influence oxidation–reduction (redox) conditions near river–aquifer interfaces, with potentially important consequences for solute fluxes and biogeochemical reaction rates. Although continuous measurements of groundwater chemistry can be arduous, in situ sensors reveal chemistry dynamics across a wide range of timescales. We monitored redox potential in an aquifer adjacent to a tidal river and used spectral and wavelet analyses to link redox responses to hydrologic perturbations within the bed and banks. Storms perturb redox potential within both the bed and banks over timescales of days to weeks. Tides drive semidiurnal oscillations in redox potential within the streambed that are absent in the banks. Wavelet analysis shows that tidal redox oscillations in the bed are greatest during late summer (wavelet magnitude of 5.62 mV) when river stage fluctuations are on the order of 70 cm and microbial activity is relatively high. Tidal redox oscillations diminish during the winter (wavelet magnitude of 2.73 mV) when river stage fluctuations are smaller (on the order of 50 cm) and microbial activity is presumably low. Although traditional geochemical observations are often limited to summer baseflow conditions, in situ redox sensing provides continuous, high‐resolution chemical characterization of the subsurface, revealing transport and reaction processes across spatial and temporal scales in aquifers.  相似文献   

A Raman investigation on the boron form occurring in salt lake brine during evaporation          下载免费PDF全文

彭姣玉  陈婧  王兴鹏  董亚萍  李武 《盐湖研究》2019,27(1)

Boron resources are abundant in Da Qaidam salt lake of Qaidamu Basin. It has been given great attention for the polyborate species present in brine. In this study, the Raman spectroscopy was applied to investigate the existing-form of boron in brine during evaporation. The prepared solutions of MgO·2B2O3-H2O, MgO·2B2O3-MgCl2 -H2O, and MgO·2B2O3-MgSO4-H2O was also evaporated and recorded to study the influence of boron concentration, pH, and electrolytes on the borate speciation in brine. The mononborates of B(OH)3 and B(OH)4- were found to be the only forms present in the original salt lake brine. Brine evaporation promotes the formation of polyborate anions B3O3(OH)4-, B5O6(OH)4-, and B6O7(OH)62- and also disappearance of the B(OH)4- ion in brine with boron concentration of more than 11 g/L in B2O3. The pentaborate ion of B5O6(OH)4- was sensitive to the solution pH and found to be appeared under the pH value of 8.0. While the hexaborate ion of B6O7(OH)62- was observed more dependent on the electrolyte of magnesium chloride due to its special properties, such as promoting boron accumulation, lowering solution pH, and also the strong af?nity for water molecules, which is beneficial to the polymerization of borate ions in brine. The interaction mechanisms among polyborate anions during evaporation had also been proposed.  相似文献